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Wikipedia gained early contributors from Nupedia, Slashdot postings, and web search engine indexing. Bomis originally intended for it to be a for-profit business. Otherwise, there were initially relatively few rules, and it operated independently of Nupedia. Its integral policy of 'neutral point-of-view' was codified in its first few months. The name originated from a blend of the words wiki and encyclopedia. Wikipedia was launched on Janu as a single English-language edition at and was announced by Sanger on the Nupedia mailing list. The domains (later redirecting to ) and were registered on January 12, 2001, and January 13, 2001, respectively. On January 10, 2001, Sanger proposed on the Nupedia mailing list to create a wiki as a 'feeder' project for Nupedia. Wales is credited with defining the goal of making a publicly editable encyclopedia, while Sanger is credited with the strategy of using a wiki to reach that goal.

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Nupedia was initially licensed under its own Nupedia Open Content License, but before Wikipedia was founded, Nupedia switched to the GNU Free Documentation License at the urging of Richard Stallman. Its main figures were Bomis CEO Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger, editor-in-chief for Nupedia and later Wikipedia. It was founded on March 9, 2000, under the ownership of Bomis, a web portal company. Wikipedia began as a complementary project for Nupedia, a free online English-language encyclopedia project whose articles were written by experts and reviewed under a formal process. Various collaborative online encyclopedias were attempted before the start of Wikipedia, but with limited success.

Wikipedia founders Jimmy Wales (left) and Larry Sanger (right) Articles on breaking news are often accessed as sources for frequently updated information about those events. Wikipedia has been censored by some national governments, ranging from specific pages to the entire site. While the reliability of Wikipedia was frequently criticized in the 2000s, it has improved over time, receiving greater praise in the late 2010s and early 2020s, having become an important fact-checking site. It has been criticized for exhibiting systemic bias, particularly gender bias against women and geographical bias against the Global South ( Eurocentrism). Wikipedia has been praised for its enablement of the democratization of knowledge, extent of coverage, unique structure, and culture. 26% of Wikipedia's traffic is from the United States, followed by Japan at 5.9%, the United Kingdom at 5.4%, Germany at 5%, Russia at 4.8%, and the remaining 54% split among other countries, according to data provided by Similarweb. Wikipedia's editions, when combined, comprise more than 62 million articles, attracting around 2 billion unique device visits per month and more than 14 million edits per month (about 5.2 edits per second on average) as of November 2023. Initially only available in English, editions in other languages were quickly developed.

Founded by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger, on January 15, 2001, it is hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation, an American nonprofit organization that employed a staff of over 700 people by October 2023. It consistently ranks as one of the 10 most popular websites in the world, and as of 2023 it is ranked the 6th most visited website on the Internet by Semrush.

Wikipedia is the largest and most-read reference work in history. Wikipedia is a free-content online encyclopedia, written and maintained by a community of volunteers, collectively known as Wikipedians, through open collaboration and the use of wiki-based editing system MediaWiki. Most text is also dual-licensed under GFDL media licensing varies